4-FMA

4-fluoromethamphetamine (also known as 4-fma) is a lesser-known novel stimulant–entactogen substance of the amphetamine class. 4-fma is chemically related to 4-fa and methamphetamine. little is known about its pharmacology, but it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain.

4-fma was first detected being sold in japan as a legal high in 2006. it has been sold online as a research chemical alongside 2-fluoroamphetamine (2-fa), 3-fluoroamphetamine (3-fa) and 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-fa).

user reports describe the effects of 4-fma as having characteristics of both traditional stimulants like amphetamine and entactogens like mdma. its effects have been described as subjectively lying between 4-fa and 2-fma. it has been reported to be more likely to produce side effects like headaches and cardiovascular effects than similar substances.

very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-fma. 4-fma use may produce dependence and abuse as well as damage to the brain and other organs. it is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

chemistry

4-fluoromethamphetamine (4-fma) is a synthetic molecule of the substituted amphetamine family. molecules of this class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (nh₂) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at r_α. the term “amphetamine” is the contracted form of alpha-methylphenethylamine. 4-fluoromethamphetamine contains a fluorine atom at r₄ of its phenyl ring and is therefore a fluorinated analogue of methamphetamine.

pharmacology

similar to its structural analog 4-fa, 4-fluoromethamphetamine is thought to act as a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, producing stimulating amphetamine-like effects at lower doses and more euphoric, entactogen effects similar to mda at dosages above 125mg. researchers have found some evidence that indicates some similarities between the “serotonin release” of 4-fma and other popular empathogens such as: mda, 4-methylmethcathinone, and 4-fluoroamphetamine. .

the mechanism of action of 4-fma effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmitters in higher doses in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these monoamines from the synaptic cleft. this allows dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin to accumulate within various regions of the brain, including its reward pathways, resulting in stimulating, euphoric and entactogenic effects..